20 Basic questions in Mariadb.

 1. Question: What is MariaDB, and how does it relate to MySQL?

   - Answer: MariaDB is an open-source relational database management system and a fork of MySQL. It was created by the original developers of MySQL after concerns about MySQL's acquisition by Oracle.

 

2. Question: What storage engines does MariaDB support, and what are their characteristics?

   - Answer: MariaDB supports multiple storage engines, including InnoDB (transactional and ACID compliant), MyISAM (non-transactional), Aria, TokuDB, and more. Each engine has its own features and use cases.

 

3. Question: Explain the purpose of the `my.cnf` configuration file in MariaDB.

   - Answer: The `my.cnf` file is the configuration file for MariaDB, containing settings such as database paths, server parameters, and buffer sizes. It allows administrators to customize the MariaDB server settings.

 

4. Question: What is the role of the MariaDB Storage Engine in database architecture?

   - Answer: A storage engine in MariaDB is responsible for handling the storage, retrieval, and modification of data. Different storage engines provide various features such as transaction support, indexing, and caching.

 

5. Question: How does MariaDB handle transactions, and what is the default transaction storage engine?

   - Answer: MariaDB supports transactions through the use of the ACID-compliant InnoDB storage engine. InnoDB ensures data integrity and consistency during transactions.

 

6. Question: What are the key differences between MyISAM and InnoDB storage engines in MariaDB?

   - Answer: InnoDB supports transactions and foreign keys, ensuring data integrity, while MyISAM is non-transactional. InnoDB is more suitable for applications requiring ACID compliance, while MyISAM is faster for read-intensive workloads.

 

7. Question: Explain the concept of MariaDB Replication.

   - Answer: MariaDB Replication is the process of copying data from one MariaDB server (master) to another (slave). It is used for load balancing, fault tolerance, and creating backups.

 

8. Question: How can you optimize the performance of a MariaDB database?

   - Answer: Performance optimization in MariaDB involves indexing, query optimization, proper configuration of the `my.cnf` file, and using appropriate storage engines for different use cases.

 

9. Question: What is the purpose of the `EXPLAIN` statement in MariaDB?

   - Answer: The `EXPLAIN` statement is used to obtain information about how MariaDB executes a query. It provides insights into the query execution plan, helping to optimize and troubleshoot queries.

 

10. Question: What is the significance of the `VARCHAR` and `CHAR` data types in MariaDB?

    - Answer: Both `VARCHAR` and `CHAR` are used to store character strings, but `VARCHAR` is variable-length, while `CHAR` is fixed-length. `VARCHAR` is more space-efficient for variable-length strings.

 

11. Question: Explain the purpose of MariaDB's `TRIGGER` feature.

    - Answer: A trigger in MariaDB is a set of instructions that are automatically executed ("triggered") in response to specific events, such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations on a table.

 

12. Question: What is MariaDB Galera Cluster, and how does it enhance high availability?

    - Answer: MariaDB Galera Cluster is a synchronous multi-master cluster for MariaDB. It enhances high availability by allowing multiple nodes to process transactions simultaneously, providing fault tolerance and load balancing.

 

13. Question: What is the role of the MariaDB `mysql_secure_installation` script?

    - Answer: The `mysql_secure_installation` script is used to enhance the security of a MariaDB installation. It prompts users to set a root password, remove anonymous users, and secure other default settings.

 

14. Question: Explain the purpose of the `FULLTEXT` index in MariaDB.

    - Answer: The `FULLTEXT` index is used for efficient text-based searches. It allows for faster searching of words or phrases within text columns.

 

15. Question: What is the significance of the MariaDB `SET` data type?

    - Answer: The `SET` data type in MariaDB is used to store a set of values chosen from a predefined list. It is useful when a column needs to store multiple options.

 

16. Question: How does MariaDB handle data backup and restoration?

    - Answer: MariaDB provides tools such as `mysqldump` for logical backups and `XtraBackup` for physical backups. Logical backups contain SQL statements, while physical backups capture raw data files.

 

17. Question: Explain the concept of MariaDB Views.

    - Answer: MariaDB Views are virtual tables created by a query. They do not store data themselves but provide a way to represent the result of a query as a table.

 

18. Question: What is the purpose of the `SET GLOBAL` and `SET SESSION` statements in MariaDB?

    - Answer: `SET GLOBAL` sets a global system variable, affecting the entire MariaDB instance, while `SET SESSION` sets a variable for the duration of the current session only.

 

19. Question: How does MariaDB handle indexing, and what types of indexes are supported?

    - Answer: MariaDB supports various index types, including B-tree indexes, FULLTEXT indexes, and spatial indexes. Proper indexing is crucial for optimizing query performance.

 

20. Question: What is the role of the MariaDB Performance Schema?

    - Answer: The Performance Schema in MariaDB provides a way to inspect internal execution details of the server, helping administrators analyze and optimize performance by monitoring resource usage and queries.